East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (EAJMR) is a scientific multidisciplinary research journal published by Formosa Publisher. The aim of this journal publication is to disseminate the research results, conceptual thoughts, improved research methodologies, and ideas that have been achieved in any area of research. The accepted articles are going to be published in the monthly publication. Any interested authors are required to submit their manuscripts in English. The mission of the East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (EAJMR) is to promote excellence by providing a venue for academics, students, and practitioners to publish current and significant empirical and conceptual research in the engineering; health sciences; information technology; computer science; religion; arts; business; humanities; applied, natural, and social sciences; and other areas that tests, extends, or builds theory. The East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (EAJMR) is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, open-access journal. Formosa Publisher collaborates with: East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (EAJMR) has been widely indexed and listed by:1. Google Scholar , 2. Copernicus International (ICV VALUE 2023 :95,25) , 3. IUPUI Libraries , 4. PKP Index , 5. Dimensions , 6. WorldCat , 7. Scilit , 8. Scite , 9. Directory of Research Journals Indexing , 10. ResearchBib , 11. CrossRef (DOI), 12. ADVANCED SCIENCES INDEX , 13. Root Indexing , 14. Semantic Scholar , 15. GARUDA (Garba Rujukan Digital), 16. Indonesia OneSearch , 17. BASE (bielefeld academic search engine) , 18. NELITI , 19. FatCat, 20. Internet Archive Scholar 21. CiteFactor 22. Eurasian Scientific Journal Index 23. Global Index for Continuing Resources 24. IP Indexing 25. Sherpa/Romeo
Exploring Self-Efficacy, Burnout and Job Commitment of Elementary Teachers in the Work Environment
This study aimed to explore the interplay of self-efficacy, burnout, and job commitment among public elementary teachers in the School Division of Pampanga, framed by the JD-R model. Thematic analysis of phenomenological data yielded six major themes—each with two subthemes—capturing teachers lived experiences, perceptions, coping strategies, and resilience in navigating job demands and resources. The results are as follows: (1) journey of self-discovery and growth, (a) passion for teaching and commitment and (b) challenges and growth through experience; (2) impact of teacher self-efficacy on classroom management, (a) fostering positive relationships and community engagement, and (b) enhancing classroom environment and engagement; (3) understanding and mitigating burnout, (a) sources and impact of burnout, and (b) coping strategies and prevention of burnout; (4) commitment to teaching and its transformative impact, (a) passion for education, and (b) professional values and fulfilment; (5) confidence in teaching and professional development, (a) factors contributing to confidence, and (b) challenges and self-reflection; and (6) maintaining focus and confidence, (a) overcoming challenges and seeking support, and (b) impact of administrative tasks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jenny Rose P. Dalmacion, Edward C. Jimenez, Sonny N. De Guzman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Models of Sustainable Consumption Practices of Consumers among Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines
This study simultaneously explored two (2) hypothesized models of Environmentally-Sustainable Consumption Practices (ESCP) of consumers among Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines. Using a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive-predictive research design, this study analyzed 704 consumer responses collected through an online survey using purposive-quota sampling. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the hypothesized structural relationships of the models. Results revealed that in Model 1, only altruistic values, and perceived responsibility significantly influence ESCP while Model 2 revealed that all structural relationships were significant except for the influence of Subjective Norm on ESCP.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mark Dariel B. Banuelos, Karl P. Campos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Buy Now or Buy Later: Moderating Role of Religiosity in Purchasing Decisions
This study aims to develop a model aimed at strengthening consumer purchasing decisions through religiosity. The research method used involves qualitative and quantitative approaches. This research is also in line with the government's priority research topics, particularly in developing a consumer protection model related to boycott intention and supporting community welfare and environmental governance. In addition, this study is expected to produce a theoretical model explaining the relationship between boycott intention, religiosity, and purchasing decisions, as well as practical recommendations for companies in improving consumer understanding of religiosity through effective marketing strategies, as well as educational tools to increase consumer awareness and knowledge about fast food products.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marsudi Marsudi, Rahmad Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Moderated Mediation Model of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Roles of Transformational Leadership, Perceived Workload, Psychological Empowerment, and Perceived Organizational Support
This study examines how Transformational Leadership and perceived workload influence employees’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior by incorporating Psychological Empowerment as a mediating mechanism and Perceived Organizational Support as a contextual moderator within public sector organizations. Data were collected from 97 employees at KPP Pratama Padang Dua using a saturated sampling technique and analyzed through Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4 software. The findings indicate that transformational leadership and perceived workload have a significant positive effect on both psychological empowerment and OCB. Psychological empowerment plays a central mediating role in translating leadership practices and job demands into employees’ discretionary behaviors. Furthermore, perceived organizational support strengthens the structural relationships, enhancing the effect of leadership and workload on OCB within a moderated mediation framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fani Marirah Nasution, Rino Rino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Job Satisfaction: Assessing the Influence of High-Performance Work Systems and Flexible Working Hours through Employee Well-being and Work-Life Balance
This study examines how High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS) and Flexible Working Hours influences Job Satisfaction in public sector. This study also examines how work-life balance and employee well-being support mediate effect of HPWS and Flexible Working Hours towards Job Satisfaction. Data were collected from 181 civil servants using proportionate stratified random sampling across three Tax Service Offices under the Directorate General of Taxes in Padang, Indonesia. Using PLS-SEM, the results show that High-Performance Work Systems enhances job satisfaction. High-Performance Work Systems positively and significantly increases job satisfaction. Flexible Working Hours not significantly support on increase Job Satisfaction. This study examined how High-Performance Work Systems and Flexible Working Time together have a positive impact on Work-Life Balance. Work life balance also has a positive influence in creating employee well-being. This study also explores the potential role of employee well-being on High-Performance Work Systems and job satisfaction relationship.
Copyright (c) 2026 Winda Puspita Sari, Abror Abror https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teachers’ Perceptions on the Implementation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education and Its Effect on Pupils’ Sexual Behavior
The research examined teacher perceptions about CSE implementation. The researchers employed a quantitative descriptive–correlational design which involved collecting data through a validated survey from 25 selected teachers at 7 elementary schools. The instrument covered teachers’ demographic profiles, their perceptions of CSE implementation (curriculum and content, instructional strategies and materials, school administrative support, and parent and community involvement), and their views on pupils’ sexual behavior (knowledge and awareness, attitudes and values). The results showed that 92% of respondents identified as female while 96% of participants reported being married and 48% of respondents belonged to the age group of 41 to 50 years and 36% of respondents had more than 16 years of teaching experience and 52% of respondents earned a master’s degree.
Copyright (c) 2026 Camille Rose Gagatiga, Danica I. Macapañas, Rhea Sennil N. Candido, Klyte Ranille https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of the Contextual Teaching and Learning and Project Based Learning Learning Model on Learning to Write Fiction Book Response Texts for Grade VII Students of SMP Negeri 6 Yogyakarta
This study aims to test the effectiveness of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning models in improving the skills of writing fiction book response texts and comparing their effectiveness with conventional learning. This study uses a quantitative approach with a pretest and posttest quasi-experiment design involving 231 grade VII students of SMP Negeri 6 Yogyakarta for the 2024/2025 school year through random sampling techniques. The sample was divided into control classes, CTL experiments, and PjBL experiments. Data analysis used the Paired Sample t-test, Independent Sample t-test, and One-way ANOVA tests. The results showed a significant increase in CTL and PjBL classes (p = 0.001), with PjBL being more effective (mean = 81.45) than CTL (mean = 76.85), thus having implications for improving students' writing skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wisnu Wicaksono, Esti Swatika Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Policy Implementation: Electronic Certificates, Palu City Land Office
The adoption of electronic land certificates to enhance the effectiveness, transparency, and legal certainty of land administration has been driven by the digital revolution in public services. The purpose of this study is to implementation of electronic certificate policy in Palu City. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach, collecting data from respondents via Likert-scale questionnaires and from users via the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) index. The results show that the electronic certificate policy has generally been implemented in accordance with defined protocols and rules. The National Land Agency (BPN) 's internal officers can provide users with clear explanations of the service and demonstrate sufficient technical proficiency. Additionally, respondents concur that electronic certificates are legally enforceable. However, among the assessed parameters, infrastructure availability—specifically, the stability of internet networks and application systems—shows the lowest score. Despite these drawbacks, respondents say they are highly satisfied with the electronic certificate service and are eager to use and recommend it, as they find it more useful.
Copyright (c) 2026 Budi Haryadi, Wildani Pingkan Suripurna Hamzens, Yohan Yohan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Influence of Baklas Operation on the Learning Interest of Elementary Pupils
Therefore, the focus of this study was to determine the level of learning interest of elementary pupils on the influence of the Baklas operation. The researchers used quantitative research, specifically a descriptive correlational design, to examine the relationship between two variables: the influence of Baklas operation and elementary pupils' learning interests. A survey questionnaire was administered to 30 respondents to assess data accuracy. To ensure the validity and accuracy of the findings, participants’ survey responses were used as supporting evidence. The gathered data were organized into four (4) themes, which represent the identified levels of learning interest of the respondents. These themes include motivation to attend school, participation in class activities, attention and focus during lessons, and enjoyment or enthusiasm in learning. The findings of this study revealed that Baklas Operation influenced the learning interest of elementary pupils, but overall, it is at a moderate level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mebel I. Garado, Nicka B. Oprin, Michelle M. Binibini, Althea Jane E. Abletes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Jumathji: Its Acceptability as an Interactive Learning Material for Enhancing Skills in Solving Linear Equation
The study evaluated the acceptability of JUMATHJI as a tool for enhancing students’ skills in solving linear equations. Mathematics teachers from public schools in Quezon City reviewed the material and assessed its usefulness, subject matter, quality, and appeal to the target user. The board game was rated highly across all indicators, with teachers noting its relevance and ability to motivate students to engage with the subject matter. Findings showed that JUMATHJI supports the development of critical and logical thinking—skills essential in mathematics—and helps build students’ confidence and positive attitudes toward the subject. The researchers recommend integrating JUMATHJI into instruction to enhance students’ problem-solving abilities and encourage active engagement in learning linear equations.
Copyright (c) 2026 John Lemer Bravo, Ruenna Jane Galvez, Saira Navarro, Michelle Colegio, Archeleigh Jatulan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perception of Parents and Teachers on the Fernando-Rosa Bautista Foundation Feeding Program
This study investigates the perceptions of parents and teachers regarding the Fernando-Rosa Bautista (FRB) Foundation Feeding Program in Baguio City. School feeding programs are globally recognized as vital social safety nets, improving nutrition, educational outcomes, and child well-being. While government-led initiatives in the Philippines have been widely studied, limited research exists on privately funded programs such as FRB’s. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, the study integrates survey data and thematic analysis from parents and teachers across ten public elementary schools. Findings highlight perceived benefits in student health, attendance, and academic performance, alongside challenges in logistics, parental involvement, and resource sustainability. Socio-economic factors and stakeholder engagement emerged as critical influences on program effectiveness. The study underscores the importance of communication, community participation, and integration of nutrition education to enhance program sustainability. Recommendations focus on strengthening parent–school collaboration, improving operational efficiency, and ensuring long-term viability of the FRB Feeding Program.
Copyright (c) 2026 Angelica C. Corpuz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tiktok Effect Toward the Indonesia President Election 2024 (Using Key Opinion Customer (KOC) and Cultural Opinion Leader (COL) Toward Z Generation)
This study explores the impact of TikTok on the 2024 Indonesian Presidential Election, focusing on the influence of Key Opinion Customers (KOC) and Cultural Opinion Leaders (COL) within the Z Generation. The research aims to analyze how TikTok, as a social media platform, affects the opinions and preferences of the Z Generation in the context of the upcoming presidential election. The findings are expected to provide insights into the role of TikTok and influential figures in shaping political perceptions among the younger generation. This study contributes valuable insights into the dynamic intersection of social media, politics, and generational preferences, offering recommendations for political parties navigating the challenges and opportunities presented by platforms like TikTok in future election campaigns.
Copyright (c) 2026 Solomon Darren Wang, Budhi Susilo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Soft Power’s Infiltration as a Strategy to Expand Economic Markets and Enhance Bargaining Power (Case Study: Taylor Swift Concert)
This study investigates how extending economic markets and strengthening bargaining power can be achieved by the strategic use of soft power, as demonstrated by the Taylor Swift concert. The worldwide appeal and economic significance of the Taylor Swift performance make it an interesting case study. The artist's enormous popularity—which is derived from her music, personal brand, and capacity to engage a wide range of audiences—is responsible for the success of the concert. A nation may draw tourists, support small companies, and improve its reputation as a cultural leader by organizing a Taylor Swift performance. The influx of tourists may cause the host nation's GDP to grow and employment opportunities to arise through higher expenditure. Furthermore, as it shows that the nation can draw and organize major events, the concert's success can strengthen the nation's negotiating position in international negotiations. This research will examine the diplomatic and economic effects of Taylor Swift's concert, using case studies and secondary sources as sources of information. It will also go over the larger effects of soft power tactics on the development of economic markets and the strengthening of bargaining power.
“No Viral, No Justice” as a Non-Juridical Solution (Case Study: Advocate Alvin Lim and Quatient TV)
This study explores the application of virality techniques as a practical, non-judicial solution. The case under study involves the practices of Advocate Alvin Lim and the youtube program “Quatient TV”. The research aims to understand how the implementation of virality techniques can be an effective non-legal solution. The findings are expected to provide insights into strategies applicable in various contexts beyond the legal field.
Mapping Teachers Need for Generative AI Integration in Chemistry Education: A Needs Assessment Study
This study maps chemistry teachers' needs in integrating generative AI into instruction using the Borich Needs Assessment Model. 43 high school chemistry teachers from South and West Sulawesi, Indonesia, completed a self-reported questionnaire. Mean Weighted Discrepancy Scores (MWDS) revealed the highest needs in AI training provision, followed by AI utilization for chemistry content visualization and institutional infrastructure support. Lower needs were observed in basic digital literacy and AI ethics. Findings emphasize that effective AI integration requires sustained, context-specific professional development and systemic institutional support tailored to the unique demands of chemistry education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faathir Almur, Munawwarah Munawwarah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Sustainability Knowledge on Energy Issues : Development and Validation of an Instrument for Pre-Service Science Teachers
This study aimed to develop and preliminarily validate an energy-issue-based sustainability knowledge assessment instrument for pre-service science teachers. Its novelty lies in contextualizing sustainability knowledge within authentic energy issues across environmental, economic, and social domains. The study employed an instrument development design with preliminary empirical testing involving 32 science education students in a single pilot administration. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, item difficulty, item discrimination, and KR-20 reliability. The findings indicated moderate student performance, better achievement on domain-specific than integrative items, and several items that were overly easy or showed weak discrimination. These results suggest that the instrument is potentially useful as a diagnostic tool in sustainability-oriented science education, although further refinement and broader validation are required.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulqifli Alqadri, Yulianti Yusal, Musawwir Usman, Amalia Rahmadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Servant Leadership on Adaptive Performance: Mediation by Resilience and Psychological Empowerment in Hydrometeorological Disaster Response
This study examines the influence of servant leadership on adaptive performance among government personnel involved in hydrometeorological disaster management in Agam Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Using a quantitative explanatory design with SEM-PLS analysis on 200 purposively sampled respondents from relevant Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD), data were collected via Likert-scale questionnaires. Results indicate that servant leadership significantly and positively affects resilience and psychological empowerment, both of which mediate its relationship with adaptive performance. The study concludes that in high-uncertainty disaster response settings, servant leadership operates indirectly through building employees' personal resources rather than through a direct pathway. The direct effect was found to be non-significant (β = 0.027, p = 0.584), reinforcing that resilience and psychological empowerment serve as full mediators in this relationship.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aldis Rahmadhani, Syahrizal Syahrizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Systematic Literature Review: The Influence of Independence, Competence, Motivation, and Experience of Internal Supervisory Unit (SPI) Auditors on Audit Quality at Public Service Agency (BLU) Health Polytechnics of the Ministry of Health
This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) related to the influence of Auditor Independence, Competence, Motivation, and Experience on Audit Quality in the Internal Supervisory Unit (SPI) of the Public Service Agency (BLU) of the Health Polytechnic (Poltekkes) of the Ministry of Health. Of the 38 Ministry of Health Polytechnics spread throughout Indonesia, as many as 34 of them have BLU status with a total managed budget of more than Rp5 trillion per year and 112 active SPI auditors. These findings provide a comprehensive conceptual framework to improve the quality of internal audits at the Ministry of Health's SPI BLU Polytechnics while supporting transparency and accountability in state financial management in the health education sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhardi Achmad, Netty Herawaty, Achmad Hizazi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Growing Media on the Growth and Yield of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)
This study evaluated the effects of different organic growing media on soil properties, vegetative growth, and reproductive performance of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). The experiment was conducted from February to May 2024 in Kupang City, Indonesia, using a randomized complete block design with nine growing media treatments and three replications. The results showed that the soil–cow dung compost mixture significantly improved marigold growth and yield compared with most other treatments. Plants grown in this medium exhibited the greatest plant height (81.54 cm at 5 weeks after planting), stem diameter (1.20 mm), number of flowers (14.44 plant⁻¹), flower diameter (71.85 mm), and flower fresh weight (21.89 g). Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of compost-based growing media in improving soil quality and biomass allocation, providing practical insights for sustainable marigold production in tropical dryland environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Luchi Proklamita, Laurensius Lehar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Customer Experience on Customer Loyalty Mediated by Customer Satisfaction at Niskala Coffee Cafe Bangkinang
At Cafe Niskala Coffee Bangkinang, we hope to find out how consumer happiness mediates the relationship between customer experience and customer loyalty. By sending out surveys to customers and analysing the results with SEM-PLS, we can take a quantitative approach. According to the study's findings, client pleasure increases loyalty. Although sensory and behavioural experiences do not significantly impact loyalty through satisfaction, only emotional, cognitive, and relational experiences do so indirectly. According to these results, consumer happiness is a critical component of a positive customer experience and a key component of customer loyalty. The implication is that business actors need to focus their strategies on creating experiences that strengthen emotional, cognitive, and relational aspects to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rudi Kurniawan, Vidyarini Dwita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Unwavering Passion: Predicaments and Struggles of Volunteer Teachers
This study aims to understand the lived experiences of volunteer teachers, including their predicaments, struggles, coping mechanisms, plans for professional growth, and how they use their experiences to improve their teaching performance. This study utilized a Qualitative research design through the use of semi-structured interviews. Participant involvement in this study was voluntary, and they were interviewed privately after signing an informed consent form. The findings of this study revealed that the predicaments of being a volunteer teacher include the lack of choice in following orders because they need to protect their reputation, uninterested learners, lack of financial support and recognition, overload administrative work, and an unfair system, which leads to unfair treatment between regular teachers and volunteer teachers. Furthermore, volunteer teachers should also prioritize their wellness by maintaining self-care practices, which are essential in balancing their personal and professional life. Lastly, volunteer teachers should also be encouraged to pursue continuous professional development to provide quality education to their learners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eloisa Abucejo, Maria Elena Mendoza, Kc Jane Lacdo-o, Judith Villas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TikTok User Sentiments: Uncovering Perceptions of Cash on Delivery Method in E-Commerce
This study aims to reveal public sentiment regarding the use of the Cash on Delivery (COD) payment system on e-commerce platforms. The study employs a Natural Language Processing (NLP) approach by utilizing Word Cloud analysis and Sentiment Score analysis based on 1,023 comments from 12 TikTok contents discussing COD. The results of the study show a dominance of negative sentiment, covering 86.37%. Meanwhile, positive sentiment only reaches 13.63%. The public perceives that COD cannot facilitate transactions between sellers and buyers effectively and instead creates various problems. This study has implications for providing insights to e-commerce platforms to strengthen the COD protocol system by taking negative sentiment into account. The limitations of this study include the scope of social media users being limited to TikTok, it is hoped that future research can accommodate the perceptions of all social media users regarding the COD system phenomenon on E-Commerce platforms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Tibrizi Soni Wicaksono, Sudarmiatin Sudarmiatin, Heri Pratikto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Behind the Word Moraya: Heroic Actions Against Colonialism
In addition to introducing foreign influence, European presence also led to the emergence of colonial practices that affected the social, economic, and cultural conditions of the local community. Colonialism in Minahasa generated strong resistance from the Minahasan people. These resistance movements left important historical traces that continue to attract attention from both local and international visitors, as reflected in the increasing number of tourists visiting sites associated with anti-colonial struggles. The term Moraya, meaning “the smell of blood” or “a pool of blood,” symbolizes the violent conflicts and heroic resistance of the Minahasan people against colonial domination. This study employed a historical research method through interviews conducted with representatives of the Department of Tourism and Culture, including the Head of the Tourism Division, as well as Mr. Maxi, a guide at Fort Moraya. The findings of this study demonstrate that Fort Moraya serves not only as a historical site commemorating anti-colonial resistance, but also as a cultural symbol representing the courage, solidarity, and identity of the Minahasan people.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nedia Lestari Sihombing, Rhoma Dwi Aria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Does Foreign Direct Investment Improve National Competitiveness? Dynamic Panel Evidence from Upper- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries
This study examines whether FDI improves national competitiveness in upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries. Using panel data from 24 countries during 2007-2023, the study applies a dynamic panel approach using Arellano-Bond Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The sample is divided into 11 upper-middle-income countries and 13 lower-middle-income countries. The results show that FDI has a positive and statistically significant effect on national competitiveness in upper-middle-income countries, while the effect in lower-middle-income countries is positive but weaker. The diagnostic tests indicate that the GMM models are acceptable based on instrument validity and the absence of second-order autocorrelation. These findings suggest that FDI contributes to competitiveness upgrading mainly when host economies have sufficient capacity to absorb and transform foreign investment into productivity, innovation, and institutional improvement. The study contributes to the literature by showing that the FDI-competitiveness relationship is dynamic and development-stage dependent.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irna Kumala, Heru Subiyantoro, Jooner Rambe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Self-Efficacy on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement among Employees at the Head Office of Bank Nagari
This study aims to analyze the effect of self-efficacy on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) through job satisfaction and employee engagement in employees of Bank Nagari Head Office. This study employs a quantitative causal approach using primary data collected through a questionnaire distributed to employees, with a sample size of 170 respondents. The analysis used was PLS-SEM with SmartPLS. The results of the study show that self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and employee engagement significantly affect OCB. Self-efficacy also has a significant effect on job satisfaction and employee engagement. In addition, job satisfaction and employee engagement have been shown to mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and OCB. Therefore, companies need to improve self-confidence, job satisfaction, and employee engagement to encourage OCB behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suharti Nengsi, Yunia Wardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Transforming Corporate Governance Through Ethical Leadership
This study aims to examine how ethical leadership contributes to strengthening corporate governance through the development of organizational trust. The research focuses on three key concepts: ethical leadership, organizational trust, and corporate governance. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed, involving purposively selected participants consisting of leaders and employees within an organization. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation over the research period. The findings indicate that ethical leadership, reflected in integrity, fairness, and transparency, plays a crucial role in building trust, which in turn supports the effective implementation of governance practices. This study highlights the importance of leadership behavior in fostering sustainable and value-based corporate governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Darmilisani Darmilisani, Afro Afifah Siregar, Putri Riskiah, Afrizahanny Meivia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparison of the Influence of Human Development and Economy on Poverty Levels in Bojonegoro and Tuban Regencies
This study aims to analyze and compare the influence of income inequality and human development on poverty levels in Boioneaoro and Tuban Regencies during the period 2012-2021. Using a quantitative approach, this research applies multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between variables, where poverty is the dependent variable, and income inequality and Human Development Index (HDI) serve as independent variables. The findings indicate that, in Boionegoro Regency, income inequality does not have a significant partial effect on poverty, suggesting that disparities in income distribution are not the primary determinant of poverty levels. In contrast, HDI shows a negative and significant effect, implying that improvements in education, health, and living standards contribute substantially to poverty reduction. These results highlight that human development plays a more critical role than economic disparity in alleviating poverty. Furthermore, differences in regional characteristics between Boionegoro and Tuban, including economic structure and resource distribution, influence the effectiveness of poverty reduction strategies. Therefore, policies focusing on enhancing human capital and equitable access to basic services are essential to achieve sustainable poverty alleviation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yogi Nur Hidayat, Syamsul Huda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Quality of Sustainability Reporting in the Transport and Logistics Sector in companies listed on the IDX 2021–2024
This study analyzes the quality of sustainability reporting in the transportation and logistics sector among companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2021–2024. Using a descriptive quantitative approach with purposive sampling technique, four companies were selected as samples: PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk (GIAA), PT Mitra Investindo Tbk (MITI), PT Mineral Sumberdaya Mandiri Tbk (AKSI), and PT Adi Sarana Armada Tbk (ASSA). ESG disclosure quality was measured using 114 GRI indicators covering the Environmental (E), Social (S), and Governance (G) dimensions with a binary scoring method. The results indicate that ASSA demonstrated the highest ESG quality overall, GIAA showed the most significant improvement, MITI achieved the Good category from 2022 onward and remained stable, while AKSI consistently remained in the Poor to Sufficient category. These findings support institutional theory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suci Ramadhani, Mukhzarudfa Mukhzarudfa, Wiwik Tiswiyanti, Ratih Kusumastuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AI-Driven Personalized Marketing: Rethinking Consumer Engagement in the Digital Era
This research investigates how perceived AI usefulness shapes consumers' intention to make purchases within personalised marketing environments powered by artificial intelligence, with particular attention to the mediating functions of trust and risk perception. Employing a quantitative explanatory framework, primary data were gathered through structured surveys administered to 400 e-commerce consumers actively engaged in digital platforms across Jakarta, spanning the period of June 2024 to June 2025, and subsequently analysed through SEM-PLS methodology. The results reveal that AI usefulness meaningfully strengthens consumer trust and alleviates perceived risk, yet exerts no statistically significant direct effect on purchase intention. Rather, the effect is channelled entirely through mediation, wherein consumer trust operates as the principal mediating mechanism and perceived risk functions as a supplementary pathway. The implications underscore that cultivating consumer trust and mitigating perceived risk are indispensable to maximising the effectiveness of AI-powered marketing initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mita Sicillia, Slamet Ahmadi, Doni Wihartika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0