Antibacterial Activity of Dayak Onion (Eleutherine Bulbosa [syn. E. palmifolia]) Against Escherichia coli: A Systematic Review of Evidence (2020-2025)

Ananda Thirda Oktaviana; Juliani Ibrahim; Ferdinan Ferdinan; Dito Anurogo

doi:10.55927/eajmr.v5i2.36

Authors

Ananda Thirda Oktaviana Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar
Juliani Ibrahim Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar
Ferdinan Ferdinan Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar
Dito Anurogo Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v5i2.36

Keywords:

Eleutherine palmifolia, Escherichia coli, antibacterial

Abstract

Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia), a herbal plant native to Kalimantan, is rich in natural compounds such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, and tannins that have potential antibacterial properties. To determine the inhibitory effect of Eleutherine palmifolia extract on the growth of Escherichia coli. This study employed a systematic literature review design. Quantitative data in the form of inhibition zone diameters were found in seven studies, indicating that Dayak onion extract was able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli with a strong category. Meanwhile, three studies reported that Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. showed weak effectiveness against Escherichia coli. Differences in inhibitory activity at each concentration occur because higher concentrations of Dayak onion leaf extract result in wider inhibition zones. Increasing the concentration enhances the amount of active compounds responsible for antibacterial activity

References

Nasrollahian S, Graham JP, Halaji M. A review of the mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol [Internet]. 2024 Apr 4;14(April):1–28. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1387497/full

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Waspada Bakteri Kebal Antibiotik. 2024 Sep 17 [cited 2025 Aug 23]; Available from: https://kemkes.go.id/id/waspada-bakteri-kebal-antibiotik

Sunarno S, Puspandari N, Fitriana F, Nikmah UA, Idrus HH, Panjaitan NSD. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Indonesia and South East Asian countries: GLASS Data 2018. AIMS Microbiol. 2023;9(2):218–27.

Nuryanti S, Anandita Y, Author C. Exploring The Antibacterial Potential of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts from Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) Against Skin Infectious Bacteria Through KLT-Bioautography. J Microbiol Sci. 2024;4(2):2808–3911.

Bessalah S, Khorchani T, Hammadi M, Faraz A, Mustafa AB. Inhibitory potential of natural plant extracts against Escherichia coli strain isolated from diarrheic camel calves. Open Vet J. 2023;13(9):1082–90.

Ibn Awadh H, Ahmed M. In vitro antibacterial activity of selected plant extracts against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains. Discov Appl Sci [Internet]. 2025;7(4). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06730-x

Tandon D, Gupta AK. Bioautography, synergistic effect and HPTLC-MS and SEM analysis of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds of inflorescence extract of Sphaeranthus indicus. Futur J Pharm Sci [Internet]. 2023;9(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-023-00518-9

Ni Made Susilawati, Neiny Prisy Foekh. Potensi Ekstrak Eleutherine palmifolia(L) Merr dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Escherichia coli galur Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase. J Keperawatan Sisthana. 2021;6(2):101–6.

Ramadhani IH, Ngazizah FN, Khasanah NAH. UJI ANTIBAKTERI BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine palmifolia(L) Merr) SECARA INFUSA TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli. J Borneo Cendekia. 2021;4(2):230–9.

Sirajuddin MM, Rusman R, Widodo W, Suryanto E. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Dayak Onion Extract (Eleutherine palmifolia L.) against Pathogenic Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 2025;13(7).

Gorzkiewicz J, Bartosz G, Sadowska-Bartosz I. The potential effects of phytoestrogens: The role in neuroprotection. Molecules. 2021;26(10):1–12.

Rani. Research Article Research Article. Arch Anesthesiol Crit Care [Internet]. 2025;13(7):1517. Available from: https://researcherslinks.com/current-issues/Evaluation-of-the-Antibacterial- Activity/33/1/11275/html

Kamarudin AA, Sayuti NH, Saad N, Razak NAA, Esa NM. Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) urb. bulb: Review of the pharmacological activities and its prospects for application. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(13).

Aprianti I. Potensi Bawang Dayak ( Eleutherine Bulbosa ) Sebagai Sumber Antioksidan : Tinjauan Literatur Potential of Bawang Dayak ( Eleutherine Bulbosa ) As a Source of Antioxidants : Literature Review. J Pharm Tanjungpura. 2025;2(2):77–85.

Muthia R, Wati H, Jamaludin W Bin, Kartini, Setiawan F, Fikri M, et al. Standardization of eleutherine bulbosa urb. bulbs and total flavonoid content from three locations in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Pharmacogn J. 2021;13(1):73–80.

Sebena D, Rudolph K, Roy B, Wölper C, Nitschke T, Lampe S, et al. Evolution of Artificial Arginine Analogues—Fluorescent Guanidiniocarbonyl-Indoles as Efficient Oxo-Anion Binders. Molecules. 2022;27(9).

Cheng YL, Peng WF, Huang CJ, Chen GS, Fang JS. Reliability Characteristics of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Capacitors with Low- Dielectric-Constant Materials. Molecules. 2023;28(3).

Dhiman N, Devi K, Bhattacharya A. Development of low cost micropropagation protocol for Nardostachys jatamansi: A critically endangered medicinal herb of Himalayas. South African J Bot [Internet]. 2021;140:468–77. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.04.002

Wang Q, Zhang T, Ke CQ, Tang C, Yao S, Lin L, et al. Guaianolides from Artemisia codonocephala suppress interleukine-1β secretion in macrophages. Phytochemistry [Internet]. 2021 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Aug 13];192:112955. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031942221003046

Batog J, Bujnowicz K, Gieparda W, Wawro A, Rojewski S. Effective utilisation of halophyte biomass from Saline soils for biorefinering processes. Molecules. 2021;26(17).

Luo MX, Lu HP, Chai MW, Chang JT, Liao PC. Environmental heterogeneity leads to spatial differences in genetic diversity and demographic structure of acer caudatifolium. Plants. 2021;10(8).

Wu PY, Chen H, Su NW, Chiou TY, Lee WJ. First determination of glycidyl ester species in edible oils by reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an evaporative light-scattering detector. Molecules. 2021;26(9).

Gu X, Wang D, Wang X, Liu Y, Di X. Fast screening of biomembrane- permeable compounds in herbal medicines using bubble-generating magnetic liposomes coupled with lc–ms. Molecules. 2021;26(6).

Teeravirote K, Luang S, Waraasawapati S, Boonsiri P, Wongkham C, Wongkham S, et al. A novel serum glycobiomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma detected by Butea monosperma agglutinin. Molecules. 2021;26(9):1–10.

Shulyak AT, Bortnikov EO, Kubasov AS, Selivanov NA, Lipengolts AA, Zhdanov AP, et al. Synthesis of Hafnium ( IV ) Polyaminoacetates 2021;(Iv):1–19.

Muti’ah R, Listiyana A, Nafisa BB, Suryadinata A. Kajian Efek Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) sebagai Antikanker. J Islam Pharm. 2020;5(2):14–25.

Bastos MLC, Adido HEF, Martins de Brito AK, Chagas CKS, Castro ALG, Ferreira GG, et al. Eleutherin and Isoeleutherin Activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Strain’s: Molecular Docking and Antibacterial Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(23).

Sun Z, Li Q, Zhang J, Sun Z, Wu H, Liang H, et al. Phenolic constituents with antibacterial activity from Eleutherine bulbosa. Fitoterapia. 2024;172(December 2023):105787.

Sirajuddin MM ie, Rusman R, Widodo W, Suryanto E. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Dayak Onion Extract (Eleutherine palmifolia L.) against Pathogenic Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 2025;13(7):1517–24.

Susilawati NM, Bria M, Foekh NP. Inhibitory test of Dayak onion extract (Eleutherine palmifolia) (L) merragainst gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Sci Midwifery. 2022;10(4):2972–6.

Naibaho FG, Maulina A, Neneng L. Uji In Vitro Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa) Terhadap Isolat Klinis. J Ilm Biosaintropis. 2023;9(1):89–97.

Gajic I, Kabic J, Kekic D, Jovicevic M, Milenkovic M, Mitic Culafic D, et al. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: A Comprehensive Review of Currently Used Methods. Antibiotics. 2022;11(4):1–26.

Benkova M, Soukup O, Marek J. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: currently used methods and devices and the near future in clinical practice. J Appl Microbiol. 2020;129(4):806–22.

Cintrón M, Clark B, Miranda E, Delgado M, Babady NE. and microbiology laboratory automation. 2025;13(6):1–12.

Ochoa SA, Valle-rios R, Jaimes-ortega GA, Arellano-galindo J, Aparicio- ozores G, Ibarra A, et al. Flagella , Type I Fimbriae and Curli of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Promote the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines in a Coculture System. Microorganisms. 2021;9(11):2233.

Wang J, Ma W, Wang X. Insights into the structure of Escherichia coli outer membrane as the target for engineering microbial cell factories. Microb Cell Fact [Internet]. 2021;20(1):1–17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-021-01565-8

Muhamad Hendri NA, Nor Amdan NA, Dounis SO, Sulaiman Najib N, Louis SR. Ultrastructural and morphological studies on variables affecting Escherichia coli with selected commercial antibiotics. Cell Surf [Internet]. 2024;11(October 2023):100120. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcsw.2024.100120

Alhadlaq MA, Aljurayyad OI, Almansour A, Al-Akeel SI, Alzahrani KO, Alsalman SA, et al. Overview of pathogenic Escherichia coli, with a focus on Shiga toxin-producing serotypes, global outbreaks (1982–2024) and food safety criteria. Gut Pathog [Internet]. 2024;16(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00641-9

Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Zheng L, Gong Z, Li Y, Jin Y, et al. Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: Mechanisms of Infection and Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(13).

Ajulo S, Awosile B. Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS 2022): Investigating the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption data across the participating countries. PLoS One [Internet]. 2024;19(2 February):1–21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297921

Ng RWY, Yang L, Lau SH, Hawkey P, Ip M. Global prevalence of human intestinal carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. JAC-Antimicrobial Resist [Internet]. 2025;7(1):1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlaf001

Ozsolak F, Milos PM. RNA sequencing: Advances, challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Genet. 2023;12(2):87–98.

Kawano K, Masaki T, Kawaguchi T, Kuroda M. Persistence of Colistin Resistance and mcr-1.1-Positive E. coli in Poultry Despite Colistin Ban in Japan. Antibiotics. 2025;14(4):1–13.

Wang N, Yang D, Cao L, Zhao X, Song X, Zhou X, et al. Rhein restores the sensitivity of mcr-1 carrying multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli to colistin. Front Microbiol. 2025;16(June):1–11.

Arip M, Selvaraja M, Mogana R, Tan LF, Leong MY, Tan PL, et al. Review on Plant-Based Management in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance - Mechanistic Perspective. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13(September):1–23.

Barbarossa A, Rosato A, Tardugno R, Carrieri A, Corbo F, Limongelli F, et al. Antibiofilm Effects of Plant Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms. 2025;13(2):1–15.

Putri, R. A., Simbala, H. E. I. & Mpila, D. A. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana Merr) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli Dan Salmonella Typhi. Pharmacon 9, 525 (2020).

Kumalasari, E., Agustina, D. & Ariani, N. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine Palmifolia Merr.) Terhadap Escherichia Coli. J. Insa. Farm. Indones. 3, 75–84 (2020).

Romadhon, T., Rahayu, W. P. & Kusumanigrum, H. D. Ekstrak Bawang Dayak Penghambat Pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus pada Daging Ayam. J. Ilmu Pertan. Indones. 28, 504–512 (2023).

Naibaho, F., Ebrry Dwi Putra, Neneng, L. & Panjaitan, D. Isolasi Bakteri Endofit Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine Bulbosa) Dan Uji Antagonisme Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia Coli Dan Staphylococcus Aureus. Bioma 19, 42–51 (2023).

Rusli, R., Nurung, A. H., Erwing, E. & Massaressung, A. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Air Dan Etanol Umbi Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine Palmifolia (L.) Merr) Terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Pencernaan. As-Syifaa J. Farm. 16, 9–17 (2024).

Harlita, T. D. Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Bawang Dayak Dan Rimpang Jahe Merah Terhadap Escherichia Coli Antibacterial Activity Of Ethanol Extract Combination Of Dayak Onion Bulbs And Red Ginger Rhizomes Against Escherichia Coli. 896–904 (2025).

Muharam Natadisastra, Edward Christopher Yo, Alisha Nurdya Irzanti, Kanadi Sumapraja, Achmad Kemal Harzif, Gita Pratama, Mila Maidarti, Riyan Hari Kurniawan, Budi Wiweko, A. H. Research Article Research Article. Arch. Anesthesiol. Crit. Care 68, 1055–1064 (2025).