The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance is Mediated by Organizational Citizenship Behavior at the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) of Sula Islands Regency

Fitra Nita Nur; Edi Sugiono; Hasanudin Hasanudin

doi:10.55927/eajmr.v5i8.276

Authors

Fitra Nita Nur Universitas Nasional Jakarta
Edi Sugiono Universitas Nasional Jakarta
Hasanudin Hasanudin Universitas Nasional Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v5i8.276

Keywords:

Employee Performance, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Transformational Leadership

Abstract

This research investigates how transformational leadership impacts employee performance, specifically examining the mediating role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) within the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) of Sula Islands Regency. Employing an explanatory quantitative design, the complete census of 42 employees served as a saturated sample. Data collection relied on Likert-scale questionnaires, which were subsequently processed using SmartPLS 4. The analysis reveals that transformational leadership positively and significantly drives both employee performance and OCB, while OCB similarly exerts a positive and significant influence on performance. Furthermore, OCB acts as a partial mediator in the link between transformational leadership and employee outcomes. Ultimately, these insights highlight that fostering a transformational leadership approach alongside an ingrained OCB culture serves as an effective strategy for boosting performance in public-sector local government organizations.

References

Adriani, Z. (2022). Analisis kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kinerja karyawan yang dimediasi kepuasan kerja pada Construction and Engineering Department. Jurnal Manajemen Terapan dan Keuangan (Mankeu), 11(4), 890–903.

Alifah, N., Hidayat, A. R., & Rodiansjah, A. A. (2024). Improved transformational leadership with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Syntax Idea, 6(3), 1214–1222. https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v6i3.3096

Alwi, S., & Sukotjo, E. (2024). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational commitment towards employee performance is mediated by organizational citizenship behavior: Study of health service employees at the Health Training Center and Regional Health Laboratory of S. International Journal of Religion, 5(10), 2387–2398.

Aristana, I. N., Andhika, R., Rihayana, I. G., Pradiva, P., & Salain, P. (2024). Transformational leadership and employee performance: Mediation of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v12i06.em02

Astaginy, N., Wonua, A. R., & Kumalasari, F. (2022). Persepsi dukungan organisasi dan organizational citizenship behavior terhadap kinerja pegawai. Indonesian Annual Conference Series, 66–73.

Bahri, K. N., Gaffar, V., Wibowo, L. A., Dirgantari, P. D., & Rofaida, R. (2025). Will transformational leadership style increase organizational performance in MSMEs? Open Humanities and Development Studies, 2(1), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.56741/ohds.v2i01.965

Barlian, B., & Jaelani, A. P. (2020). Pengaruh kepemimpinan, kompensasi, dan organizational citizenship behavior terhadap kinerja pegawai. Journal of Business Management Education, 5(3), 39–50.

Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9–32.

Bass, B. M. (2000). The future of leadership in learning organizations. Journal of Leadership Studies, 7(3), 18–40.

Bernardin, H. J., & Russell, J. E. A. (2016). Human Resource Management: An Experiential Approach (7 ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Bodroastuti, T., & Tirtono, T. (2019). Pengaruh komitmen organisasi dan kepuasan kerja terhadap organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) serta dampaknya terhadap kinerja karyawan. Solusi, 17(2), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.26623/.v17i2.1463

Bustomi, A., Sanusi, I., & Herman, H. (2020). Pengaruh organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) terhadap kinerja pegawai Kementerian Agama Kota Bandung. Tadbir: Jurnal Manajemen Dakwah, 5(1), 1–16.

Djaka, M. A. P. A., Alwi, M. H., Suwandaru, R., & Syam, F. (2023). Analisis manajemen kepemimpinan transformasional, kompetensi, dan komunikasi terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Pegadaian Cabang Takalar. Jurnal Sains Manajemen Nitro, 2(2), 219–229.

Firmansyah, M., & Ariani, D. W. (2023). Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, dukungan rekan kerja, dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Gawi Maju Karsa Site Purworejo. Lentera: Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.57096/lentera.v2i1.29

Hasanudin, H., & Nugroho, R. A. (2023). The influence of transformational leadership style, work discipline, and compensation on the performance of the state civil apparatus through motivation. Almana: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 7(2), 276–290. https://doi.org/10.36555/almana.v7i2.2159

Hidayat, W. G. P. A. (2025). The impact of transformational leadership on employee performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(3), 901–913.

Horstmann, O. H. (2025). Research questions and hypotheses. In Research Methods (hal. 113–123). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-49014-0_4

Jiang, M., Wang, H., & Li, M. (2019). Linking empowering leadership and organizational citizenship behavior toward environment: The role of psychological ownership and future time perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2612. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02612

Kuehn, K. W., & Al-Busaidi, Y. (2002). Citizenship behavior in a non-western context: An examination of the role of satisfaction, commitment, and job characteristics on self-reported OCB. International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(2), 107–125.

Kurniawan, I. S., & Safitri, Q. N. (2022). Pengaruh komitmen afektif, kepuasan kerja, kepemimpinan transformasional, dan pemberdayaan karyawan terhadap organizational citizenship behavior karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen, 14(1), 17–25.

Lambidju, G. A., Areros, W. A., & Rumawas, W. (2022). Penempatan kerja dan organizational citizenship behavior terhadap kinerja karyawan Kantor Pos Cabang Utama Manado. Productivity, 3(5), 467–473.

Lukito, R. (2020). Pengaruh organizational citizenship behavior terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui kepuasan kerja pada produksi PVC di UD Untung Jaya Sidoarjo. AGORA, 8(2).

Mahmud, M., Shoalihin, S., & Hayat, N. (2023). Effects of transformational leadership on employee performance in business organizations: A systematic literature review. Business, Investment, and Management Trends, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.55606/bijmt.v3i2.1274

Martoyo, M., & Amara, W. (2024). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Key drivers of citizenship behavior across various climates. Idārāh: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kependidikan, 8(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.47766/idarah.v8i1.3013

Maulana, A., Fadhilah, M., & Kirana, K. C. (2022). Pengaruh kompensasi, kepemimpinan transformasional, dan lingkungan kerja terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) melalui motivasi kerja sebagai variabel intervening. Jurnal Manajemen, 14(1), 65–75.

Morgan, G. (1990). Paradigm diversity in organizational research. In J. Hassard & D. Pym (Ed.), The theory and philosophy of organizations: Critical issues and new perspectives (hal. 13–29). Routledge.

Munawar, F., Ependi, M., & Wildan, M. (2023). Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) dimediasi dengan komitmen organisasi: Studi pada tenaga kependidikan UIN Bandung. Komitmen: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 4(2), 115–124.

Nisa, D. K., Santoso, B., & Azhad, M. N. (2018). Pengaruh budaya organisasi dan organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) terhadap kinerja pegawai Rumah Sakit TK III Baladhika Husada Jember. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 2(3), 108–114.

Novianti, D. (2023). Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, pengembangan karier, dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Journal Intelektual, 2(1), 62–69.

Nur Fitra, N., Piranti, W., & Irham, S. (2026). Kepemimpinan transformasional: Peningkatan kinerja guru dan motivasi kerja guru. Penerbit Karya Bakti Makmur Indonesia.

Nurhafni, I., Zefriyenni, & Very, J. (2022). Analisis kepemimpinan transformasional, kompetensi, dan keadilan organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) sebagai pemediasi. Journal of Business and Economics (JBE) UPI YPTK, 7(3), 279–289. https://doi.org/10.35134/jbeupiyptk.v7i3.175

Pariesti, A., & Christa, U. R. (2022). Pengaruh kompetensi dan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan motivasi sebagai variabel intervening pada Kantor Inspektorat Kabupaten Katingan. Journal of Environment and Management, 3(1), 35–45.

Perkasa, D. H., & Herawaty, Y. (2021). Efek mediasi komitmen organisasi dalam mempengaruhi keterikatan kerja dan kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) di PT. Vindo Internasional. Jurnal Perspektif Manajerial dan Kewirausahaan (JPMK), 2(1), 90–103. https://doi.org/10.59832/jpmk.v2i1.27

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513–563.

Prahesti, D. S., Riana, I. G., & Wibawa, I. M. A. (2017). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan organizational citizenship behavior sebagai variabel mediasi. E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 6(7), 2761–2788.

Pratiwi, L. A., & Nawangsari, L. C. (2021). Organizational citizenship behavior while mediating self-efficacy, servant leadership, and organizational culture on employee performance. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 6(1), 225–231.

Qalati, S. A., Zafar, Z., Fan, M., Limón, M. L. S., & Khaskheli, M. B. (2022). Employee performance under transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: A mediated model. Heliyon, 8(11), e11374.

Rita, M., Payangan, O. R., Rante, Y., Tuhumena, R., & Erari, A. (2018). Moderating effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the effect of organizational commitment, transformational leadership, and work motivation on employee performance. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(4), 953–964. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2017-0026

Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., & Vohra, N. (2018). Organizational behavior (18 ed.). Pearson.

Sariono, E., Sugiono, E., & Hasanudin, H. (2024). Mapping the terrain of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, and employee engagement: A conceptual framework. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 4(8), 1–14.

Sedarmayanti, K., & Satrio, G. D. (2019). Analisis organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) dan motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Kupang. Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Bisnis dan Inovasi, 3(1), 70–88.

Setiawan, W., & Djatmiko, B. (2024). Meninjau organizational citizenship behavior dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan PT Bhumi Jati. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi), 10(2). https://doi.org/10.35870/jemsi.v10i2.2249

Sitompul, S. A., Hasanah, N. U., Rifayani, R., Sitorus, L., & Firman, F. (2025). Pengaruh pelatihan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia terhadap kapasitas organisasi. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora, 4(1), 580–585. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrish.v4i1.5188

Thomas, V. (2024). The importance of transformational leadership. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 18(2), 66–68. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2024.18.2.66

Thompson, G., Buch, R., Thompson, P. M. M., & Glasø, L. (2021). The impact of transformational leadership and interactional justice on follower performance and organizational commitment in a business context. Journal of General Management, 46(4), 274–283.

Uly, N. S., Markoni, M., & Waliamin, J. (2023). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional, teamwork, dan reward terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Ragam Rasa Raya Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal Simki Economic, 6(2), 223–231.

Wijonarko, G. (2021). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) menuju peningkatan kinerja karyawan. VALUE: Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 16(2), 478–487.