Fair Value Estimation of Shares and Tax Liability Implications of the Debt-to-Equity Swap Plan Following the Implementation of Minister of Finance Regulation Number 79 of 2023: A Case Study of PT Sidomulyo Selaras Tbk.

Authors

  • Fachmi Pahala Telkom University
  • Fajra Octrina Telkom University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v5i7.229

Keywords:

debt-to-equity swap, fair value, income tax, tax-purpose valuation, share valuation

Abstract

This study aims to estimate the fair value of PT Sidomulyo Selaras Tbk. This research employs a quantitative, descriptive approach with a single-case study design. Share valuation is conducted using an income approach, specifically the discounted cash flow (DCF) method based on free cash flow to firm (FCFF), in accordance with the valuation object characteristics in Regulation 79/2023. The study uses secondary data from the company's annual reports, interim financial statements, corporate action disclosures, and supporting data for valuation-assumption preparation. The results show that the fair value of SDMU shares after DES is IDR 29 per share, which is lower than the planned conversion price of IDR 55 per share. In terms of financial structure, DES reduces liabilities and increases equity, thereby improving the company's capital structure as reflected in lower leverage ratios and higher current and quick ratios.

References

Akbar, I. (2022). Implementation of debt to equity swap as a corporation debt restructuring effort. Legal Brief, 11(5), 3070–3080. IHSA Institute.

Chatterji, S., & Hedges, P. (2001). Loan Workouts and Debt for Equity Swaps: A Framework for Successful Corporate Rescues. John Wiley and Sons.

Cepec, J., & Grajzl, P. (2020). Debt-to-equity conversion in bankruptcy reorganization and post-bankruptcy firm survival. International Review of Law and Economics, 61, 105878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2019.105878

Damodaran, A. (2012). Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset (University ed., 3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Damodaran, A. (2015). Applied Corporate Finance: A User's Manual (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Erić, D., & Stošić, I. (2015). Debt to equity swaps as alternative of financial restructuring in Serbian economy. In New еconomic policy reforms (pp. 244–258). Belgrade Banking Academy.

Gilson, S. C. (1997). Transactions costs and capital structure choice: Evidence from financially distressed firms. The Journal of Finance, 52(1), 161–196.

Hidayat, R. (2023, Desember 29). Pajak memandang debt to equity swap. Direktorat Jenderal Pajak. https://pajak.go.id/id/artikel/pajak-memandang-debt-equity-swap

Hotchkiss, E. S., John, K., Thorburn, K. S., & Mooradian, R. M. (2008). Bankruptcy and the Resolution of Financial Distress. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1086942

Hutahean, T. P., Hermawan, W., Kharisma, B., & Hasanah, A. (2025). Does the limiting debt tax benefits curb tax aggressiveness? Evidence from Indonesia 2016 debt-to-equity reform. Journal of Government and Economics, 17, Artikel 100139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jge.2025.100139

Indonesia. Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 79/PMK.03/2023 Tentang Tata Cara Penilaian untuk Tujuan Perpajakan.

KPMG. (2024). Fair value measurement handbook: US GAAP and IFRS® Accounting Standards. https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/be/pdf/IFRS-Fair-Value-measurement-Handbook-EN-brochure-A4.pdf

Kristanti, F.T., Salim, D.F. & Ihsan, A.F. Financial distress prediction in emerging markets by using a machine learning approach for financial sustainability. Discov Sustain 6, 1296 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-02199-1

Kristanti, F. T., Riyadh, H. A., Ahmed, M. G., Alfaiza, S. A., Steelyana W, E., Lutfi, A., & Beshr, B. A. H. (2024). Ownership shares and directors’ proportion as majority shareholders on earnings management moderated by board activity. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2331099

Kristanti, F. T., Rahayu, S., & Isynuwardhana, D. (2019). The survival of small and medium business [Przetrwanie małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw]. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2019.20.2.26

Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. H. (1958). The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. The American Economic Review, 48(3), 261–297. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1809766

Mulya, J. F., Abubakar, L., & Afriana, A. (2024). Praktik konversi utang menjadi saham sebagai penerapan prinsip business going concern dalam kepailitan dan PKPU. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP), 4(4), 1074-1082. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v4i4

Myers, S. C. (1984). The capital structure puzzle. The Journal of Finance, 39(3), 574–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1984.tb03646.x

Nadilah, I., & Yulita, K. (2024). Analisis penerapan metode debt to equity swap dalam perspektif konsultan pajak untuk pemulihan struktur dan kesehatan finansial perusahaan. Jurnal Bisnis Mahasiswa, 1.

Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (1983). Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1983 tentang Pajak Penghasilan sebagaimana telah beberapa kali diubah terakhir dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia. Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara.

Pratt, S. P., & Niculita, A. V. (2008). Valuing a business: The analysis and appraisal of closely held companies (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Rahadian, Dadan & Ramandhini, Zahara. (2021). Capital Structure and Its Implication on Profitability: An Empirical Study from Sharia Banks in Indonesia. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences. 4. 2083-2091. 10.33258/birci.v4i2.1898.

Rifayani, D., & Yunita, I. (2023). Effect Of Current Ratio, Return On Equity, Net Profit Margin, Total Assets Turnover, And Debt To Assets Ratio On Firm Value. Jurnal Ekonomi, 12(04), 357-366.

Rubiyana, M., & Kristanti, F. T. (2020). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Struktur Aktiva, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan, Risiko Bisnis Dan Aktivitas Perusahaan Terhadap Struktur Modal. Economic, Business, Management, and Accounting Journal, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.30651/blc.v17i2.4340

Rahmawijaya, E., Tarmizi, M. I., & Priharta, A. (2025). Kinerja keuangan sebelum dan sesudah proses debt to equity swap pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2017–2023. COSTING: Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting.

Shyam-Sunder, L., & Myers, S. C. (1999). Testing static tradeoff against pecking order models of capital structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 51(2), 219–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(98)00051-8

Sobiech, A. (2021). Konwersja wierzytelności na podwyższenie kapitału zakładowego – skutki podatkowe [The debt to equity swap – the tax consequences]. Przegląd Prawa i Administracji, (125).

Tang, T., Xu, L., Yan, X., & Yang, H. (2022). Simultaneous debt-equity holdings and corporate tax avoidance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 72, Artikel 102154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.102154

Zhang, C., & Tong, Y. (2023). An empirical study on the impact of debt to equity swap on enterprise performance. In D. Qiu et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Bigdata Blockchain and Economy Management (ICBBEM 2022), Atlantis Highlights in Intelligent Systems (Vol. 5, pp. 1136–1142). Atlantis Press.

Published

2026-07-26

Issue

Section

Articles